Geriatric Syndromes in Older People Attending Geriatric Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Center in Western Nepal

Abstract

Introduction: The aging population is rising globally, posing significant challenges to healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. Geriatric syndromes, including falls, urinary incontinence, depression, and sensory impairments, are prevalent in older adults, often leading to reduced quality of life. However, limited research exists on the prevalence and interrelation of these syndromes in outpatient settings in Nepal. The study examined the prevalence and associated factors of geriatric syndromes among older adults attending a geriatric outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 systematically sampled individuals aged ≥60 years attending the Geriatric Medicine OPD at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and standardized tools, including the Geriatric Depression Scale and Mini-Cog test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze associations between geriatric syndromes and demographic and clinical variables.

Results: The prevalence of geriatric syndromes, including falls (22.5%), urinary incontinence (31.9%), and sensory impairments (~40%), increased with age. Falls were significantly associated with morbidity, drug count, and the number of geriatric syndromes. Individuals aged ≥80 years were most vulnerable, with steeply increasing health challenges.

Conclusion: Geriatric syndromes are highly prevalent among older adults in Nepal, emphasizing the need for integrated care models and targeted interventions, particularly for individuals aged ≥80 years. Findings underscore the importance of holistic approaches to improving geriatric health outcomes in Nepal’s healthcare system.