Cost Variation Analysis of Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The cost of drug therapy plays a significant role in the treatment of chronic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus, where lifelong medication is required. Understanding the cost variations of oral hypoglycemic agents is essential for optimizing treatment and improving patient compliance. This study was aimed at identifying the affordable treatment strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient department of Medicine at UCMS-TH, Bhairahawa, Nepal, from December 2022 to May 2023. The cost of a drug manufactured by various companies, in the same strength and dosage form, was obtained. The difference in maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different companies and percentage price variation was calculated.

Results: Among 250 prescriptions, the percentage price variation was highest in Voglibose (0.3 mg), 454.4%, followed by Metformin (500 mg) 260%, and least with Sitagliptin (50 mg) and Linagliptin (5 mg), i.e., 4.16% and 3.89%, respectively in monotherapy. In combination therapy, Metformin+Glimepiride (500 mg+1 mg) 285.71%, followed by Metformin+Linagliptin (500 mg+2.5 mg) 52.3%, showed maximum price variation. The least variation (3.84%.) was seen in the combination of Metformin+Linagliptin (850 mg+5 mg).

Conclusion: A huge difference in the prices of different brands was observed. It is essential to educate prescribers regarding the significant price variation. Prescribing a cost-effective drug by the physician improves the patient’s adherence to the treatment regimen and minimizes the financial burden.