Analysis of Caesarean Sections according to Robson’s Ten Group Classification System at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lumbini Province

Abstract

Introduction: A Caesarean section (CS) is a common surgical operation in obstetrics. There is an alarming concern regarding rising rate of CS worldwide. This study was conducted to align with the Robson classification, an international standard for tracking and comparing CS rates within an institution. The study also identifies the CS rates within each group according to Robson’s ten-group classification system (RTGCS).
Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted over six months from October 2022 to March 2023, took place in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, a tertiary care center in Province 5. Descriptive analysis was performed on various variables according to the Robson’s Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS), and the Caesarean sections (CS) were subsequently categorized.
Results: Out of 1780 total deliveries, 1060 (59.55%) were vaginal deliveries while 720 (40.45%) were CS. According to the Robson classification, group 1 was the predominant contributor at 34.2%, followed by group 5 at 21.1% and group 3 at 16.1% respectively. In regards to the indication of CS, cephalo-pelvic disproportion was the top most indication for CS.
Conclusions: As per the study as group 1 and group 5  are the leading group of CS in the institute, measures such as following evidence based labour care guide and promoting instrumental deliveries and vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) could help address the increasing CS rates.